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Last updated:
27 May 2025

Canterbury Waitaha health information is moving. Content is moving to the Health New Zealand website info.health.nz/canterbury This website will be unavailable from Wednesday 4 June 2025.

Health New Zealand Canterbury Research Office

The Research Advisor Māori in the Research Office provides an assessment of the proposed research’s potential to contribute to Māori health advancement. The assessment supports researchers in meeting the requirements of the Treaty of Waitangi and Tikanga best practice.

The Research Advisor Māori provides advice, recommendations and feedback to researchers, and can:

  • Advise on how to better support Māori research
  • Assist researchers in becoming proficient with Māori consultation
  • Develop, maintain and support relationships between researchers and Hauora Māori stakeholders
  • Deliver training and presentations
  • Celebrate Māori success

Researchers may find it useful to consider the following in their research projects:

Relevance to Māori

What is the reason for the study?

Is this important for Māori health and/or do inequities exist?

​​​How does the research contribute to eliminating Māori health inequities?

Māori experience poorer health outcomes than non-Māori in nearly all areas of healthcare. Research should acknowledge these inequities and aim to mitigate them. Your research should not contribute to perpetuating or increasing these inequities - either passively by ignoring them, or more actively through inappropriate methodology, recruitment or analysis. For example, if data is analysed only at a total population level, then the status quo of health inequities is maintained.

Equity is a priority for the health sector, and for organisations that provide funding for health research.

Māori Involvement

How will Māori be involved in this research?

Researchers are encouraged to examine opportunities for Māori participation in all aspects of research, from conception of the research question through to dissemination of the findings, and implementation into health practice. For example, researchers may involve a Māori advisory and/or support group for the duration of the project.

Consultation with Māori is a minimum obligation under the Treaty of Waitangi, and an expectation of Te Whatu Ora - Waitaha. The level and depth of consultation will vary according to the type of research project. Consultation may improve your research project, draw your attention to key Māori issues and stakeholders, and improve your knowledge transfer outcomes. Researchers are encouraged to think about the need for consultation with Māori early in your research design.

Relationships with Māori stakeholders will be on a continuum, from provision of information and dissemination of research findings, to deeper relationships based on partnerships. Some researchers will have Māori individuals and/or groups involved in their project. For researchers without Māori involvement, key Māori stakeholders may be recommended. 

Consultation, by definition, includes a feedback loop. Agree on what, when, and how you will feed back during your consultation process.

Promoting Māori Voice

Whose story is being told by this research?

Researchers need to consider a range of questions in their research design. If there are Māori/non-Māori inequities in your research field then it is important to design your study so that Māori are well represented in your data. If you are using existing datasets, you will need to consider the accuracy and completeness of ethnicity within the dataset. You may also reflect on whether or not your study needs to have the power to analyse Māori outcomes independently, and how you will achieve this. A project that ensures that a sample is sufficiently powered to answer the research question may require additional planning or expertise on the research team.

If you think there are no inequities in your research and you will not use ethnicity as a variable of analysis, you may be asked to justify this position as part of the assessment of your project.

Be aware of your own conceptual views and the possibility of researcher bias, for example, be careful to avoid “deficit model” thinking - or “romantic framing” of results. Be careful about your ability to generalise or draw conclusions about all Māori from your results.

Governance

How will I uphold my responsibilities to Māori?

Governance in research encompasses the values and principles of communities of interest, and protects the rights and interests of these communities, by overseeing standards and regulatory processes that ensure good research practice. This includes, but is not limited to, consent, reflection about research relationships, and data sovereignty

Most researchers are familiar with procedures for obtaining individual consent. Good practice requires that researchers provide for whanau and other support for participants if wanted; that project choices are explained; and that participants are empowered to make choices around participation in research projects.

At times, individual written consent may not be sufficient for participation in a research project. For example, collective consent may be important in studies involving the use of human tissue, body fluids, DNA, and data, especially where future use is being considered. DNA and genetic information reflect the whole whānau​​ across generations, and collective consent may be most appropriate in research using these data. The Research Advisor Māori can provide advice on this.

Is ethnicity a variable of analysis in your research?

If you intend to use ethnicity as a variable of analysis in your research it is important to be clear in your understanding of ethnicity and what your assumptions are in its measurement.

Ancestry and ethnicity are different concepts, ethnicity cannot be used as a proxy for ancestry. It is important to be clear about these definitions and to use the appropriate concept. Ancestry is a way to characterise individuals beyond their race or ethnicity. Ancestry is appropriate when family history or lineage is being considered. Because ancestry is aligned with whakapapa, further consultation may be necessary with relevant iwi, hapū and whānau groups. Ethnicity on the other hand is a construct, self-ascribed or socially assigned, based on physical characteristics. Individuals may identify with different ethnicities over time and/or with multiple ethnic groups.

If your research concerns an area where ethnic health inequities are present, it is important to determine what your hypothesis is in relation to ethnicity. Ethnicity should not be used as a substitute for measures of health determinants such as socio-economic status or geographic place.

It is important to understand standard methods of collecting ethnicity data. You will need to consider the accuracy and completeness of ethnicity data collection in your research design and/or in assessing the data sets you use. Please ensure you are familiar with current Ministry of Health Ethnicity Data Protocols.

Research involving human tissue, especially genetic research, carries specific obligations. For many Māori, there are additional aspects to consider specifically when carrying out studies involving human tissue and/or genetics, particularly if samples are being sent internationally, or if it may be used for future purposes.

Researchers must specify how they plan to manage human tissue and DNA. This will involve clarity about how tissue will be stored, whether it will be used for any future purpose and how it will be destroyed.

  • Some iwi do not support storage of tissue and blood samples because of cultural implications.
  • If study samples are being sent overseas for analysis and/or storage, they move beyond the jurisdiction of New Zealand law. This is an unresolved point of significant sensitivity to some.
  • Some Māori consider that the rights and protections of tissue extend to the data generated from this tissue - including genetic data. These issues need to be clarified during the consultation and consenting process.

The use of human tissue for future unspecified use is an issue which will be very carefully evaluated by ethics committees, as it may carry unquantifiable but potentially high risks for some participants. Consent to the future unspecified use of a person’s tissue samples must be distinct from consent to collect the sample and distinct from consent to use the sample in specified research. Consent may be given for the unidentified or de-linked use of the donor’s tissue sample. However, in such situations, the donor must be informed that they will not be able to withdraw their consent in the future.

Researchers are provided with a Māori health advancement form when they register their project with the Research Office. Please complete and return the form to CDHBResearch@cdhb.health.nz. You are also encouraged to contact George Haremate, the Research Advisor Māori, during the project design phase if you have any questions about Māori health advancement and responsiveness to Māori.

Reid P, Paine SJ, Curtis E, Jones R, Anderson A, Willing E, Harwood M. (2017). Achieving health equity in Aotearoa: strengthening responsiveness to Māori in health research. The New Zealand Medical Journal, 130(1465), 96-103

The Pūtaiora Writing Group. (2010). Te Ara Tika Guidelines for Maori Research Ethics. Auckland: Health Research Council of New Zealand on behalf of the Pūtaiora Writing Group

Ministry of Health (2019). Wai 2575 Māori Health Trends Report. Wellington: Ministry of Health

Robson B, Harris R. (eds). Hauora: Māori Standards of Health IV. A study of the years 2000–2005. Wellington: Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare

Please see University of Auckland Te Kupenga Hauora Māori (Dept of Māori Health) Ethnicity Issues for the following:

  • Jones CP. (2001). "Race", Racism, and the Practice of Epidemiology. American Journal of Epidemiology, 154(4), 299-304
  • Robson B, Reid P. (2001). Ethnicity Matters: Māori Perspectives. Wellington: Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare
  • Cormack D, Harris R. (2009). Issues in monitoring Māori health and ethnic disparities: an update. Wellington: Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare
  • Cormack D. (2010). The politics and practice of counting: ethnicity data in official statistics in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Wellington: Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare
  • Cormack D, Robson C. (2010). Classification and output of multiple ethnicities: issues for monitoring Māori health. Wellington: Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare
  • Cormack D, Robson C. (2010). Ethnicity, national identity and ‘New Zealanders’: considerations for monitoring Māori health and ethnic inequalities. Wellington: Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare
  • Cormack D, McLeod M. (2010). Improving and maintaining quality in ethnicity data collections in the health and disability sector. Wellington: Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare

Please see University of Auckland Te Kupenga Hauora Māori (Dept of Māori Health) Human Tissue and Genetics for the following:

  • Winship I, Marbrook J. (1998, amended 2000). Ethical considerations relating to research in human genetics. Auckland: Health Research Council of New Zealand
  • HRC Gene Technology Advisory Committee. (2008). Process and Guidelines for Application for Approval of Proposals Involving Administration of Gene Products to Human Subjects in New Zealand. Auckland: Health Research Council of New Zealand

Page last updated: 3 March 2025

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  • Please note: Information submitted from this form is only used for the purpose of improving this website, the form is not regularly monitored. For all enquiries and feedback (including complaints, suggestions and compliments) about Te Whatu Ora - Waitaha Canterbury health services, please use the Enquiries and Feedback Form We cannot respond to requests for medical advice, please contact your family doctor, specialist medical professional, or call healthline on 0800 611 116.

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